Title: Introduction to the Stator of DC Motors

The structure of a DC motor consists of two main parts: the stator and the rotor. The stationary part of the DC motor during operation is called the stator. The primary function of the stator is to generate a magnetic field, and it is composed of components such as the motor housing, main magnetic poles, commutating poles, end caps, bearings, and brush devices.

1. Main Magnetic Poles: The main function of the main magnetic poles is to generate the air gap magnetic field. The main magnetic pole consists of a main magnetic pole core and an excitation winding. The core is typically made by stacking and riveting silicon steel sheets with a thickness of 0.5mm to 1.5mm. It is divided into the pole body and the pole shoe. The part that covers the excitation winding is called the pole body, while the widened part below is called the pole shoe. The pole shoe is wider than the pole body, allowing for the adjustment of the magnetic field distribution in the air gap and facilitating the fixation of the excitation winding. The excitation winding is made of insulated copper wire and is wound around the main magnetic pole core. The entire main magnetic pole is fixed to the motor housing using screws.

2. Commutating Poles: The role of the commutating poles is to improve commutation and reduce the possibility of sparking between the brushes and the commutator during motor operation. They are generally installed between two adjacent main magnetic poles and are composed of a commutating pole core and a commutating pole winding. The commutating pole winding is made of insulated conductors wound around the commutating pole core, and the number of commutating poles is equal to the number of main magnetic poles.

3. Motor Housing: The outer shell of the motor stator is called the motor housing. The motor housing serves two purposes: first, it is used to fix the main magnetic poles, commutating poles, and end caps, providing support and stability for the entire motor; second, the motor housing itself is part of the magnetic circuit, forming a magnetic path between the magnetic poles. The part through which the magnetic flux passes is called the magnetic yoke. To ensure that the motor housing has sufficient mechanical strength and good magnetic permeability, it is typically made of cast steel or welded steel plates.

4. Brush Device: The brush device is used to introduce or extract DC voltage and current. It consists of brushes, brush holders, brush rods, and brush rod holders. The brushes are placed inside the brush holders and are pressed by springs to ensure good sliding contact between the brushes and the commutator. The brush holder is fixed on the brush rod, which is mounted on a circular brush rod holder. These components must be insulated from each other. The brush rod holder is mounted on the end cap or bearing inner cover, and its circumferential position can be adjusted and fixed after proper alignment.

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