Title: The Remarkable Advantages of Linear Motors in Precision Machining by Jkongmotor

Jkongmotor offers a range of linear motors including ball screw motors, T-type lead screws, module sliders, linear push rods, and integrated servo lead screws. The simplicity of structure, suitability for high-speed linear motion, high utilization of primary windings, absence of lateral edge effects, easy mitigation of unidirectional magnetic traction issues, ease of adjustment and control, strong adaptability, and high acceleration make linear motors stand out with eight major advantages, particularly in high-precision machining applications.

Ultra-precision machining is at the forefront of manufacturing, playing a crucial role in various sectors, especially in the defense industry. Components like the inertial guidance device gyroscopes in cruise missiles, key radar components like waveguides, precision bearings on satellite instruments, and large integrated circuits all involve ultra-precision machining. In ultra-precision machine tools, high-precision micro-feed devices are essential for online compensation of machine tool machining errors to enhance shape accuracy. High-precision micro-feed devices have become crucial components in ultra-precision machine tools for processing certain special non-axisymmetric surfaces.

Currently, Taiwan's HIWIN linear motors are widely used in precision micro-feed devices, utilizing the principle of the electrostrictive effect. The deformation amount of the electrostrictive effect is directly proportional to the square of the electric field intensity. It can achieve high rigidity displacement without clearance; resolution can reach 1.0~2.5nm; with a large deformation coefficient and high frequency, its response time can reach 100μs. To increase the stroke, motors are typically made by bonding multiple crystal pieces together for use. The peristaltic piezoelectric ceramic motor consists of three individually controlled tubular ceramic piezoelectric devices, with A and B acting radially to expand and contract for clamping and releasing the motor shaft, while device C acts axially to produce axial displacement of the motor shaft, enabling step linear motion.

The DTM-3 large diamond lathe and LODTM large optical diamond lathe at the US LLL National Laboratory, as well as the OAGM2500 large precision machine tool at the UK's Cranfield company, have all adopted electrostrictive micro-feed devices.

Ultrasonic motors (USM) are a new type of direct drive motor receiving increasing attention globally, broadly considered a type of piezoelectric ceramic motor. They utilize the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics, converting microscopic material deformations into macroscopic movements of rotors or sliders through resonant amplification and friction coupling. When piezoelectric ceramics are subjected to appropriate voltage, they can generate unidirectional traveling waves. When the rotor applies appropriate pressure to the surface of the elastic body, it will move under the driving force of particle friction. By changing the direction of the traveling wave, the rotor moves in the opposite direction.

In ultra-precision machining, to achieve high shape accuracy for non-spherical curved surfaces, the feed drive system of ultra-precision machine tools requires high resolution, reaching a movement amount of 0.01μm per pulse. Several renowned international companies possess such products, albeit restricted for export. Currently, domestic institutions like the National University of Defense Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, and Tsinghua University are conducting research in this area. Ultrasonic motors feature small size, light weight, fast response, no electromagnetic interference, and high torque at low speeds, making them capable of replacing traditional electromagnetic motors within a 10cm range. Stepper-driven ultrasonic motors with feedback closed-loop control have a step resolution of approximately 0.01μm, potentially replacing mechanical friction drive methods. The linear USM developed by the University of Tokyo in Japan boasts a high step resolution of 5nm.

In the realm of processing irregular cross-sections, the rapid and precise linear motion of linear motors, characterized by quick response and high accuracy, has successfully been used in computer-controlled precision turning and grinding of workpieces with irregular shapes such as automotive engine pistons, wave-shaped bearing outer raceways, piston rings, and camshafts. Compared to traditional methods that rely on templates for machining irregular inner and outer circular contours, linear motors offer flexibility in programming modifications and high machining accuracy, making them ideal for processing a variety of products in small batches.