Linear motors, also known as linear actuators or push rod motors, have seen a steady growth in industrial applications, proving their reliability and efficiency. In this introduction, we will discuss the different types of linear motors and their key differences compared to rotary motors.

The most common types of linear motors are flat, U-shaped, and tubular. The typical configuration of the coils is three-phase, with Hall elements for brushless commutation. The diagram illustrates the phase sequence and phase current of a linear motor using Hall commutation.

Linear motors are often described as flattened versions of rotary motors, with the same working principles. The mover (forcer/rotor) is made of epoxy material compressing the coils together. The magnetic track consists of magnets (usually high-energy rare earth magnets) fixed on steel. The mover of the motor includes coil windings, Hall element circuit boards, thermal regulators (temperature sensors monitoring temperature), and electronic interfaces. While rotary motors require bearings to support the mover and maintain the air gap between the rotor and stator, linear motors need linear guides to keep the mover in position within the magnetic field of the track. Just like rotary servo motors have encoders mounted on the shaft for position feedback, linear motors require linear encoders to provide feedback on the position of the load, improving position accuracy.

The control of linear motors is similar to that of rotary motors. Like brushless rotary motors, linear motors have no mechanical connection between the mover and stator. However, unlike rotary motors, where the rotor rotates and the stator remains fixed, in linear motor systems, the mover can either move along the magnetic track or the thrust coil (most positioning systems use a fixed magnetic track and a moving thrust coil). Motors that move with a thrust coil have a smaller weight-to-load ratio but require high-flexibility cables and management systems. Motors that move along a magnetic track need to support both the load and the mass of the track but do not require cable management systems.

The same electromechanical principles are applied to both linear and rotary motors. The same electromagnetic forces that generate torque in rotary motors produce linear thrust in linear motors. Therefore, linear motors can be controlled and programmed in the same way as rotary motors. The shape of a linear motor can be flat, U-shaped, or tubular, depending on the specific requirements of the application and the working environment.

In conclusion, linear motors by Jkongmotor offer a reliable and efficient solution for various industrial applications. With their different types and working principles, linear motors provide precise and accurate positioning, making them a valuable asset in the automation and motion control industry.